Unlike the recent COIN efforts in Afghanistan and Iraq where the US did not influence the curriculum of schools, the Filipino school system was controlled by the Americans. Whether the Americans were aware of its effect, it created a wedge between the insurrectionists and the Filipino population. This dichotomy on the application of education seemed contradictory. Later, it was used by the civilian leadership to help Filipinos towards self-governance and economic prosperity. Initially, the military leadership used education to pacify the population. One civil service program that contributed successfully during the war was education. The American forces used civil services to gain the support of the population, a critical objective of a successful counter-insurgency (COIN) campaign. Though, the US military was clearly stronger, it took more than military might to win the war. During the Philippine-American War, the Filipino insurrectionists waged an insurgency against the American colonial government.
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